What does 'moenia' refer to?

The term 'moenia' in Latin specifically refers to the walls or fortifications of a city. In ancient Roman context, it denotes the physical structures that encompassed and protected urban areas, providing defense against invasions and establishing the boundaries of civic life. This concept of city walls was vital for both security and the organization of urban space.

The other options do not align with the meaning of 'moenia': rivers would be referred to by a different term, such as 'amnes'; roads are denoted by 'viae'; and public squares are commonly called 'fora' in Latin. Therefore, the connection of 'moenia' to city walls is clear and rooted in the practical realities of ancient city design and warfare.